7/9/2023 0 Comments Pig and whistle vessel meaningBriefer discussion comparing the relative strengths and weaknesses of multiple rodent species in studies on noise injury and its prevention is available in Lynch et al. For detailed reviews of other species widely used in hearing science, noise and drug injury, and otoprotection research, readers are referred to other papers in this special issue for reviews of the mouse ( Ohlemiller, 2019), rat ( Escabi et al., 2019 Holt et al., 2019), chinchilla ( Trevino et al., 2019 Radziwon et al., 2019), and non-human primate ( Burton et al., 2019). This review paper focuses on the use of the guinea pig in studies on acquired sensorineural hearing loss and otoprotection and is broken into four main sections in which (1) basic information about the guinea pig as a laboratory animal subject is provided, (2) strategies for the assessment of auditory function are introduced, (3) necessary regulatory requirements for the maintenance of guinea pigs are provided, (4) the effects of noise and ototoxic drugs on the guinea pig inner ear are discussed, and (5) efforts to prevent noise injury and drug ototoxicity using pharmaceutical interventions are reviewed. Other species are also of interest such as the cat, chinchilla, and monkey ( Stebbins et al., 1982). Since then, the guinea pig has been widely used in studies on hearing loss induced by noise and drug injury and prevention of this acquired sensorineural hearing loss (i.e., otoprotection). (1982) suggested the guinea pig to be one of the most useful species in which to assess the effects of noise on the inner ear based on overlap with the audible frequency range in the human as well as presumed overlapping vulnerabilities and the relative ease of training of guinea pigs for use in psychophysical testing. This article reviews the use of the guinea pig in basic auditory research, provides detailed discussion of its use in studies on noise injury and other injuries leading to acquired sensorineural hearing loss, and lists some therapeutics assessed in these laboratory animal models to prevent acquired sensorineural hearing loss. Of interest, the cochlea and the round window are easily accessible, notably for direct cochlear therapy, as in the chinchilla, making the guinea pig a most relevant and suitable model for hearing. With respect to the assessment of potential otoprotective agents, guinea pigs are also docile animals that are relatively easy to dose via systemic injections or gavage. There is a wealth of information on auditory function and vulnerability of the inner ear to diverse insults in the guinea pig. Like other rodents, it is more vulnerable to noise injury than the human or nonhuman primate models. The guinea pig has its best hearing at slightly higher frequencies relative to humans, but its hearing is more similar to humans than the rat or mouse. Never respond to one blast with two blasts, or vice versa that’s a crossed signal situation and can easily lead to trouble.Guinea pigs have been used in diverse studies to better understand acquired hearing loss induced by noise and ototoxic drugs. If you disagree, or you think there’s some danger, respond with five blasts and then stop until the situation is resolved. If you agree, you respond with one blast. In other words, if you’re approaching another vessel, and he signals one blast, it means he’s going to pass you on his port side. The idea is that you respond in kind if you hear and agree with another vessel’s signal. Three short, rapid blasts: I intend to operate astern.įive short, rapid blasts: Danger, or I have doubt about the other vessel’s intentions. Two short, rapid blasts: I intend to leave you on my starboard side. One short blast: I intend you leave you on my port side. It’s actually easy to remember the whistle signals, if you think one blast means port and two blasts means starboard, per the guide below from the 67 th edition of Chapman Piloting and Seamanship, which I helped edit (unabashed plug): He suggests you print it out and tape it somewhere near your helm. As a result, Dick Hermann, from Green Cove Springs, Florida, who cruises on Avocet, a Great Harbor 37, posted this easy guide (above) for the two most common whistles and responses. There’s been some discussion about this, which could lead to confusion at best and a collision at worst, on the America’s Great Loop Cruisers’ Association blog lately. Or you get a response that makes no sense whatsoever, such as four or seven blasts. You sound the proper whistle signal, indicating what you’re going to do – and nothing happens. We’ve all probably had the same experience, particularly on the inside passages of the ICW or the rivers of the Great Loop, when you’re about to pass another boat.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |